Sensors in Biomedical Applications; Fundamentals, Technology and Applications

Outline

Graduate School of Electronics Manufacturing will organize a 2-day lecture series, given by professor Gabor Harsanyi from Budabest University. Lectures will take place on 14th and 15th of October in Espoo Otaniemi, address Otakaari 7 B, lecture hall Edison. Examination will be arranged and 3 gredits given.

Pia Holmberg, Project Secretary
Helsinki University of Technology
Lab. of Electronics Production Technology
P.O.B. 3000, FIN-02015 HUT
tel + 358 9 451 2716
pia.holmberg@hut.fi
www.ept.hut.fi

Course Contents and Time Table

This two-day intensive seminar emphasizes theoretical and practical information for the successful design, production and application of sensors in biomedicine. After a short introduction with a summary of the basic definitions, the course begins with a brief overview of three fundamental areas: sensor technologies, transducer structures and operation principles of various structures. Than the applications of the different type sensors are discussed. The attendant will find a strong emphasis not only on "what" and "how" but also on "why". The latest developments in materials, structures and application possibilities are also discussed. Attendees will learn:

• Which sensor and transducer types are most appropriate for a given application
• What kind of requirements should be fulfilled at the biomedical applications
• How the transducers can be connected and operated in various medical diagnostic appliances
• What type of interfaces should be present between transducers and human bodies when they are in direct contact
• What reliability level can be predicted when evaluating results

Day 1

Sensors and their characteristics
Integrated and smart sensors, up-to-date requirements
Special requirements of the biomedical applications

Monolithic semiconductor technologies
Ceramics
Thin and thick film technologies
Processing of polymer films
Optical fibre technologies

Impedance type structures
Semiconductor based sensors
Sensor types based on acoustic waves
Calorimetric sensors
Electrochemical cells as sensors
Sensors with optical waveguides

Thermoresistive effects
Thermoelectric effect
Other thermoeffects used in sensors
Piezoelectric effect
Electrets and capacitance type trancducers
Pyroelectric effect
Piezoresistive effect
Hall-effect
Other magnetic field induced effects
Superconductor quantum interferometers
Radiation induced effects and related sensor structures
Adsorption and absorption
Selective molecular receptors
Permeation through membranes
Ion-selective membranes
Chemical-optical transduction effects

Measuring temperature (core temperature, surface temperature mapping, invasive temperature measurements)
Other applications of temperature sensors (skin blood flow sensor, hot-film anemometry for measuring blood flow or respiratory flow)
Mechanical sensors in biomedicine (non-invasive blood pressure measurements, invasive blood pressure sensors, mechanical sensors in spirometry, sensors for pressure pulses and movement, measuring internal ocular pressure, acoustic sensors in hearing aids)
Sensors in ultrasound imaging (ultrasound imaging modes, ultrasound transducer arrays, Doppler-sonography for blood flow measurements)
Detectors in radiology (X-ray imaging with sensors, X-ray sensors in computer tomography, Detectors in nuclear radiology, other applications of nuclear detectors)
Biomedical applications of magnetic field sensors (nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, sensors for recording biomagnetism, magnetic backprojection imaging)
Further applications of physical sensors (electrodynamic sensors for blood flow-rate, sensors in ophthalmoscopy, artificial retina, tactile sensors for artificial limbs, pick-ups for bioelectrical measurements)

Day 2

Sensors for monitoring blood gases and pH (operation principles of electrochemical cells, invasive electrochemical sensors, transcutaneous electrochemical sensors, optical fiber sensors, other techniques, combined sensors)
Opticaloximetry (theoretical bases of blood oximetry, invasive oximetry, non-invasive ear-oximetry, pulse oximetry, other oximetry methods)
Other applications of chemical sensors (ionic compounds in blood and other secretions, chemical parameters of the inner eyelid, monitoring pH in the gastric acid, measuring and mapping of tissue pH/pO2, miscellaneous gas sensor applications)

Enzymatic biosensors (theoretical bases, time dependent and stationary measuring methods, transducer types, multi-enzyme reactions, reagents in enzymatic processes enzyme immobilization techniques, operation characteristics, glucose sensors, urea sensors, other enzymatic sensor types, application of enzymatic sensors)
Affinity biosensors (operation principles of immunosensors, indirect immunosensors, direct immunosensors, DNA-sensors)
Living biosensors (microbial biosensors, sensors using living tissues, microphysiometers, active neurons in sensors)
Sensing biological components with non-biosensors (electrochemical sensors for glucose, optical sensors for glucose, infrared spectroscopy)

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